Factores condicionantes básicos y familiares que están relacionados con los requisitos de autocuidado universal y de desarrollo según D. Orem, para la prevención del cáncer de mama en mujeres en el Municipio de Nariño (N) 2023-2024.

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The study describes basic and family conditioning factors that are related to the universal and developmental self-care requirements proposed by Orem for the prevention of breast cancer in women in the municipality of Nariño 2024. For this purpose, a quantitative research of descriptive type and analytical intention was carried out looking for a relationship between the basic conditioning factors, family system and the universal and developmental self-care requirements to prevent breast cancer. For the statistical relationship, the chi-square test statistic was used and a p-value<0.05 was accepted as significant. The sample consisted of 165 women from the municipality of Nariño (N), who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study by signing the informed consent form. The women were recruited by verbal invitation during market days in the municipality of the study. To obtain the necessary information, the questionnaire created by Dorotea Orem was used to identify self-care in adults, a questionnaire in a free version and accessible on the Internet. The questionnaire was guided by the authors of the research who directed the questions to the respondents to provide greater clarity. The data were organized and tabulated in an Excel database created specifically for the research. Univariate analysis was performed on the data, followed by bivariate analysis between the variables mentioned above. The results showed that among the basic conditioning factors and the family system, there was a predominance of women between 30-39 years of age, ages that according to Orem's postulates correspond to the state of development of an “adult”, in greater percentage they are married women and have a nuclear family with a number of children between 0-1 and manage excellent family relationships, they also refer to the husband as the person from whom they receive the most support. Sixty percent of them live in the urban area of the municipality of Nariño, belong to the mestizo race and preach the Catholic faith. Thirty-eight percent of them have completed high school, most of them are self-employed, most of them belong to stratum 2 and their homes have basic health services. Among the universal self-care requirements, they report that they have good habits of hydration and nutrition, hygiene and personal care, interpersonal and social relations in their work and in the management of stress and anxiety, they consider of great importance the existence of personal values and beliefs, they have an adequate environmental factor (sewage, excreta and garbage disposal). Regarding activity and rest, they sleep about 9 hours and practice some exercise or physical activity, but the majority (70%) do not belong to any social group. Communication with their environment is rated as good, and among their habits, they are fond of cooking