Descripción

Acute myocardial infarction is considered one of the leading causes of mortality at the regional, national and global levels; risk factors become the causal agent of this pathology. Therefore, when a patient becomes ill, he/she requires surgical treatment, such as myocardial revascularization, where care and management are performed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) to ensure his/her survival. A trained multidisciplinary team is required to ensure the patient’s successful recovery. In this context, the nurse becomes a necessary and indispensable component, who must have a thorough knowledge of the pathology and the established treatment in order to provide the appropriate care with clinical judgment. The purpose of this study was to determine the nursing care process for critically ill patients undergoing postoperative myocardial revascularization after acute myocardial infarction in the intensive care unit. The methodology used was an observational and descriptive case study with application of the nursing care plan according to the NANDA-NIC-NOC taxonomy (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, Nursing Interventions Classification and Nursing Outcomes Classification). The case study was performed on a patient who was admitted to the hospital with ‘severe chest pain’; after identifying electrocardiographic changes and positive troponin results, cardiac catheterization was performed followed by myocardial revascularization. Thanks to the support of the multidisciplinary team, the patient showed a satisfactory evolution. Therefore, nursing care in a patient with this pathology should be personalized, focused on achieving hemodynamic stability and comfort, considering the magnitude of the procedure, its complexity, surveillance and clinical monitoring.