La afectación al núcleo esencial del derecho de petición generada bajo la vigencia artículo 5 del Decreto 491 del 2020.
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Hidalgo Vallejo, Ángela Rocío
Muñoz Martínez, Cesar Eduardo
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Esta investigación se enfocó en analizar si el artículo 5 del Decreto 491 de 2020, expedido durante el estado de excepción generado por la pandemia del COVID-19, vulneró el núcleo esencial del derecho fundamental de petición en Colombia, donde el trabajo se desarrolló bajo una metodología jurídica y cualitativa, complementada por un enfoque histórico y hermenéutico que permitió comprender los orígenes, evolución y regulación del derecho de petición en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano, así como su reconocimiento por parte de la Corte Constitucional como un derecho fundamental con un núcleo protegido.
En ese estudio se estableció como objetivo principal identificar los criterios de aplicación directa ante omisiones legislativas, enfocándose en el núcleo esencial del derecho de petición, de hecho, a partir de un análisis jurisprudencial detallado, se evidenció que la ampliación de los términos de respuesta establecida por el artículo mencionado, desconoció principios previamente establecidos por la jurisprudencia, tales como la respuesta oportuna, de fondo y dentro de los plazos legales.
Como resultado, se concluyó que la medida adoptada por el Gobierno Nacional constituyó una omisión legislativa relativa, al no prever mecanismos eficientes para garantizar el ejercicio efectivo del derecho de petición en medio de la virtualidad, incumpliendo además con lo ordenado en políticas públicas previas como el CONPES 3072 del año 2000 y el artículo 103 de la Ley 1564 de 2012.
This research focused on analyzing whether Article 5 of Decree 491 of 2020, issued during the state of emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, violated the essential core of the fundamental right of petition in Colombia. The study was conducted through a juridical and qualitative methodology, complemented by a historical and hermeneutic approach, which enabled an understanding of the origins, evolution, and regulation of the right of petition within the Colombian legal system, as well as its recognition by the Constitutional Court as a fundamental right with a protected core. The main objective of the study was to identify the criteria for direct application in cases of legislative omissions, with a focus on the essential core of the right of petition. In fact, based on a detailed jurisprudential analysis, it became evident that the extension of response deadlines established by the aforementioned article disregarded principles previously defined by the Court’s jurisprudence, such as timely, substantive, and legally bounded responses. As a result, it was concluded that the measure adopted by the National Government constituted a relative legislative omission, as it did not foresee efficient mechanisms to guarantee the effective exercise of the right to petition in the context of virtuality, also failing to comply with previous public policies such as CONPES 3072 of the year 2000 and Article 103 of Law 1564 of 2012.
This research focused on analyzing whether Article 5 of Decree 491 of 2020, issued during the state of emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, violated the essential core of the fundamental right of petition in Colombia. The study was conducted through a juridical and qualitative methodology, complemented by a historical and hermeneutic approach, which enabled an understanding of the origins, evolution, and regulation of the right of petition within the Colombian legal system, as well as its recognition by the Constitutional Court as a fundamental right with a protected core. The main objective of the study was to identify the criteria for direct application in cases of legislative omissions, with a focus on the essential core of the right of petition. In fact, based on a detailed jurisprudential analysis, it became evident that the extension of response deadlines established by the aforementioned article disregarded principles previously defined by the Court’s jurisprudence, such as timely, substantive, and legally bounded responses. As a result, it was concluded that the measure adopted by the National Government constituted a relative legislative omission, as it did not foresee efficient mechanisms to guarantee the effective exercise of the right to petition in the context of virtuality, also failing to comply with previous public policies such as CONPES 3072 of the year 2000 and Article 103 of Law 1564 of 2012.
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